Cascading of I/O operator

Cascading of Output Operator

If we use output operator '<<' (aka stream insertion operator or put to operator) multiple times in a single 'cout' statement then it is called cascading of output operator. It can be done 255 times max.

Cascading of Input Operator

If we use input operator '>>' (aka stream extraction operator or get from operator) multiple times in a single 'cin' statement then it is called cascading of input operator.

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Data Representation

Digital Number System In digital representation, various number systems are used. The most common ones are : Binary : base 2 (0, 1) Octal : base 8 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) Decimal : base 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Hexadecimal : base 16 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F) Number Conversions : From Decimal to any system (base) (Decimal) 10 = (Any) base

Data Type Modifiers

As the name suggests, data type modifiers are used with fundamental data types to modify the length of data that a particular data type can hold. Following 4 datatype modifiers are available in C++: Signed Unsigned Short Long

Selection statement

If statement If tests a particular condition, if the condition evaluates to true then set of statements under the body of 'if' statement will be executed otherwise it will be ignored by the compiler. Syntax : if(<condition>) { statements; } <> : programmer defined If else statement If we use 'else' statement with 'if' statement then if the condition of 'if' statement evaluates to false, in that case body of else statement will be executed, otherwise it will be ignored. Syntax : if(<condition>) { statements; } else { statements; } If-else-if ladder If we use 'else if' statement with 'if' statement then if any condition evaluates to true, in that case its associated statement will be executed and all other 'else if' and 'else' statement will be ignored by the compiler. Syntax : if(<condition>) { statements; } else if(<condition>) { statements; } els...

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