Let's revise C++

 Digital Number System In digital representation, various number systems are used. The most common ones are : Binary : base 2 (0, 1) Octal : base 8 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) Decimal : base 10 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Hexadecimal : base 16 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F) Number Conversions : From Decimal to any system (base) (Decimal) 10 = (Any) base

 

Data Abstraction :  representing essential features without including background details. Example : driving a car (wiring, motor working is hidden from us), switch board (hidden wiring)

 A ( 65 ) - Z ( 90 ) a ( 97 ) - z ( 122 ) 0 ( 48 ) - 9 ( 57 ) enter - 13 space - 32 @ - 64 Who calls main()?   OS.  Execution starts at main. <<  : output / put to / stream insertion operator >>  : input / get from / stream extraction operator calculation R to L printing L to R

  If statement  If tests a particular condition, if the condition evaluates to true then set of statements under the body of 'if' statement will be executed otherwise it will be ignored by the compiler. Syntax : if(<condition>) {      statements; } <> : programmer defined If else statement If we use 'else' statement with 'if' statement then if the condition of 'if' statement evaluates to false, in that case body of else statement will be executed, otherwise it will be ignored. Syntax :  if(<condition>) {      statements; } else {     statements; } If-else-if ladder If we use 'else if' statement with 'if' statement then if any condition evaluates to true, in that case its associated statement will be executed and all other 'else if' and 'else' statement will be ignored by the compiler. Syntax :  if(<condition>) {      statements; } else if(<condition>) {    statements; } els...

  The operations are represented by operators and the object of the operation are referred to as operands. 5 types of operators: 1. Arithmetic Operator  Addition : 2 + 4 = 6 Subtraction : 2 - 4 = -2 Multiplication : 2 * 4 = 8 Division : 2 / 4 = 0 Modulus (remainder operator, used only with integer values) : 7 % 2 = 1 2. Increment (++) / Decrement (--) Operator Increment Operator increases its operand value by 1 while decrement operator decreases its operand value by 1.  They both have two types : Prefix : First it will increase (or decrease) the operand value by one and then participate in the operation. Postfix : First it will participate in the operation and then increase (or decrease) the operand value by 1. 3. Relational Operator They determine the relation among different operands. But they do not work with strings. 6 types of relational operator are: > greater than < less than >= greater than or equals to <= less than or equals to == equal to != not equ...